![]() HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, the ships servicing the Ross expedition, were two unusually strong warships. Main articles: HMS Erebus (1826) and HMS Terror (1813) Ships One of the expedition's ships, either HMS Erebus or HMS Terror, from the Illustrated London News, 1845 Another Arctic veteran was Thomas Abernethy, another friend of Ross, who joined the new expedition as a gunner. He had been on the Beagle surveying the coasts of Bolivia, Peru and Chile. Davis who was responsible for much of the surveying and chart production, as well as producing many illustrations of the voyage. McCormick had been ship's surgeon for the second voyage of HMS Beagle under Captain Robert FitzRoy, along with Darwin as gentleman naturalist. Hooker later became one of England's greatest botanists he was a close friend of Charles Darwin and became director of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew for twenty years. The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, then aged 23 and the youngest person on the expedition, was assistant-surgeon to Robert McCormick, and responsible for collecting zoological and geological specimens. Its sister ship, HMS Terror, was commanded by Ross' close friend, Captain Francis Crozier. Ross, a captain of the Royal Navy, commanded HMS Erebus. Ross had made many previous expeditions to the Arctic, including experience as captain. Sir James Clark Ross was chosen to lead the expedition after previous experience working on the British Magnetic Survey from 1834 onwards, working with prominent physicists and geologists such as Humphrey Lloyd, Sir Edward Sabine, John Phillips and Robert Were Fox. In 1838, the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA) proposed an expedition to carry out magnetic measurements in the Antarctic. The expedition was also the last major voyage of exploration made wholly under sail.Įxpedition Portrait of Sir James Clark Ross by John R. ![]() Among the expedition's biological discoveries was the Ross seal, a species confined to the pack ice of Antarctica. The expedition confirmed the existence of the continent of Antarctica, inferred the position of the South Magnetic Pole and made substantial observations of the zoology and botany of the region, resulting in a monograph on the zoology and a series of four detailed monographs by Hooker on the botany, collectively called Flora Antarctica, published in parts between 18. The young botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker made his name on the expedition. On the expedition, Ross discovered the Transantarctic Mountains and the volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Terror, named after each ship. It explored what is now called the Ross Sea and discovered the Ross Ice Shelf. The Ross expedition was a voyage of scientific exploration of the Antarctic in 1839 to 1843, led by James Clark Ross, with two unusually strong warships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. HMS Erebus and HMS Terror in the Antarctic, by James Wilson Carmichael, 1847. 1839–43 British Antarctic exploration mission
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